Theory in Planning

Theory is important in planning because it provides a framework for understanding planning phenomena. It provides description and explanation as well as guides the development of strategies in order to address problems in actuality. The use of theory in planning also gives the planner the authority and the legitimacy of providing different alternatives or courses of action without being accused of misconduct.

This may be exemplified, for instance, in the comprehensive-rational model which is so far considered the best theoretical framework for the study of planning. The said model allows the planner to clarify goals, analyze the past and existing situation, develop strategies or alternatives, choose the best alternative, implement it and monitor the results. The process is scientific in nature. As the term implies, it is comprehensive because it covers all aspects such as social, economic, environmental, physical and institutional. The model requires adequate information on said aspects. As such, it may provide a clearer picture of what is happening in a locality for instance. Said information may be useful, if properly organized, in coming up with appropriate strategies to solve a wide range of issues. Such practice also enhances the technical expertise of the planner, as well as its legitimacy. The model also gives the planner, particularly if he/she is just a beginner in the field, with a sense of identity.

However, the comprehensive-rational approach is not without disadvantages. Critics of the model say that some problems faced by the society do not require comprehensive study. Others say that the model is too idealistic because in reality, comprehensiveness is difficult to achieve if not impossible. Besides, since the model necessarily involves several sectors, these sectors may have “conflicting” priorities which are difficult to consolidate.